Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline xanthine alkaloid that acts as a psychoactive stimulant drug. It is found naturally in coffee, tea, cocoa beans, and kola nuts. It can also be produced synthetically. Caffeine is the world’s most widely consumed psychoactive substance, but it isn’t just found in morning beverages; caffeine is added to painkillers, cold remedies, weight loss pills and supplements for improved mental performance.
Caffeine works by stimulating the central nervous system (CNS), heart, muscles and other tissues. This stimulation results in increased alertness, wakefulness and improved physical performance. The main effects of caffeine usually last 3-4 hours before wearing off.
While moderate consumption of caffeine is generally considered safe, consuming large amounts can lead to side effects such as anxiety, restlessness, insomnia and irritability. Caffeine can also interact with certain medications and cause unwanted side effects. Pregnant women are advised to limit their caffeine intake to 200 mg per day or less to avoid potential risks to the developing fetus.