Gastroenterology is the branch of medicine that deals with the structure, function and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. It includes the study of the stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas and gallbladder.
Gastroenterologists are involved in the diagnosis and treatment of a wide range of conditions that affect these organs. These include gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and cancer of the GI tract.
Gastroenterologists use a variety of diagnostic tests to assess the health of the GI tract. These include endoscopic procedures such as esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and colonoscopy. These tests allow direct visualization of the lining of the GI tract for abnormalities such as ulcers or tumors.
Imaging tests such as X-ray, computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can also be used to evaluate the GI tract. Functional testing such as breath tests or stool analysis may be performed to diagnose conditions such as lactose intolerance or celiac disease.
Treatment forGI disorders varies depending onthe underlying condition. Medications are oftenusedto treat GERD, IBDand IBS . Surgery may be required for certain conditions such as cancer or severe pancreatitis .