Sardinia is an autonomous island region in Italy. It is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea after Sicily and accounts for about 4% of the country’s total land area. The nearest mainland regions are Liguria to the northwest, Tuscany to the north, and Campania to the northeast.
Sardinia has been inhabited since prehistoric times by a number of different peoples. Phoenician and Carthaginian colonies were established on the island, but it eventually fell under Roman control. After being ruled by Byzantines, Arabs, and Spaniards, Sardinia became part of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861.
The island is home to a unique culture that has been shaped by its long history and isolation from the rest of Europe. Sardinians have their own language, which is closely related to Latin, and a distinct traditional cuisine. They are also known for their handcrafted jewelry and textiles.
The natural environment of Sardinia is diverse, with mountains, forests, wetlands, and several protected areas. The island is home to a number of endemic species of plants and animals.
The economy of Sardinia is based primarily on agriculture, tourism, fishing, mining (particularly lead and zinc), and manufacturing (especially chemicals). Despite its relatively small size, Sardinia is one of Italy’s wealthiest regions thanks to its strong export sector.