Springer (German: [ˈʃpʁɪŋɐ]) is a German multinational publishing company that publishes books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical publishing. It is one of the largest academic book publishers in the world. Springer has offices in Berlin, Heidelberg, Dordrecht, and New York City. In 2015, the group employed more than 10,000 people across over 50 countries.
In 1842 Georg Reimer (1814–1884) founded Gebrüder Reimer (later renamed Verlag von Julius Springer), a publishing house in Berlin with a focus on mathematics and the natural sciences. Following occasional forays into other areas such as medicine and literature, it soon returned to its core interest. From 1873 to 1945 it published two prestigious series of scientific handbooks which ran to 85 volumes by 1934;:22 these were succeeded after World War II by an even larger series comprising 122 volumes when completed in 1992. The firm also produced dictionaries and encyclopedias,:57 some of which went through 35 editions between 1850–1913; several former employees later rose to prominence as lexicographers.