Caption: A delicate tapestry intertwined with the survival of the indigenous purple gromwell. Image credit: KyotoU Global Comms/Kazufumi Yazaki
Preserving endangered plant species is crucial for safeguarding our cultural heritage.
Across the globe, the color purple has long been associated with nobility, and Japan is no exception. However, the unique murasaki hue is facing a grave threat due to the endangered status of the native gromwell plant, which is intrinsically linked to murasaki.
Multiple factors, such as disease and hybridization with non-native species, are contributing to the alarming decline of murasaki.
To address this pressing issue, a research group led by Kyoto University has taken the initiative to raise awareness about the significance of gromwell in preserving Japanese culture. Ongoing murasaki revival projects throughout Japan aim to uncover the origins of its seeds while educating the public about the importance of protecting the plant’s uniformity.
“Collaborating with plant scientists, various non-profit organizations involved in the gromwell revival are also committed to preserving the silk staining technique,” says lead author Kazufumi Yazaki.
Purple gromwell, scientifically known as Lithospermum erythrorhizon, contains red naphthoquinones called shikonin derivatives on its root surfaces. These natural pigments and medicinal properties have deep-rooted connections to ancient East Asian traditions. Among the spectrum of hues, the highly sought-after dye was the dark purple exclusively reserved for high-ranking government officials, the Imperial family, and the most esteemed Buddhist monks.
“The purple color was also employed in a national treasure called Koku-Bun-Ji Kyo, which consists of ten-volume Buddhist scripture papers with letters inscribed in gold,” explains co-author Ryosuke Munakata from KyotoU’s Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere.
In the field of medicine, gromwell roots are utilized in various remedies, particularly as an ointment called Shi-Un-Koh. Even today, it remains popular for treating ailments like hemorrhoids, burns, frostbite, and other wounds.
Recovery initiatives, such as the Mitaka Gromwell Restoration Project, are focused on ensuring the survival of the native gromwell species, which has been impacted by the cucumber mosaic virus and sudden environmental changes. The uncertain future of this plant is also influenced by cross-breeding with the European species L officinale.
Unexpectedly, official wooden documents excavated from Kyushu, previously used for cargo transport during the Asuka dynasty, have revealed a significant connection to gromwell, highlighting the crucial administrative role of its purple dye.
“Our research aims to raise awareness of murasaki’s vital role in Japanese history and culture,” comments co-author Emi Ito from Ochanomizu University.
Reference: “Letter to the Editor: Gromwell, a Purple Link between Traditional Japanese Culture and Plant Science” by Emi Ito, Ryosuke Munakata, and Kazufumi Yazaki, 28 April 2023, Plant and Cell Physiology. DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad038
Table of Contents
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Cultural preservation
What is the significance of the purple gromwell in Japanese culture?
The purple gromwell, also known as murasaki, holds great cultural significance in Japan. Historically, the color purple has been associated with nobility worldwide, and Japan is no exception. The dark purple dye derived from the gromwell plant was reserved for high-ranking government officials, the Imperial family, and esteemed Buddhist monks. It was used in various cultural artifacts, including Buddhist scripture papers and traditional dyeing techniques. Additionally, the gromwell’s roots have medicinal properties and are still used today in remedies for conditions such as hemorrhoids, burns, and wounds.
Why is the native gromwell plant endangered?
The native gromwell plant, specifically the purple gromwell or Lithospermum erythrorhizon, is facing endangerment due to several factors. Disease, such as the cucumber mosaic virus, has impacted its population. Additionally, hybridization with non-native species, specifically the European species L officinale, poses a threat to the gromwell’s survival. Sudden environmental changes and habitat loss also contribute to the uncertain future of this plant species.
What initiatives are being taken to preserve the gromwell and its cultural significance?
A research group, led by Kyoto University, is spearheading efforts to raise awareness about the importance of preserving the gromwell in Japanese culture. Murasaki revival projects are currently underway throughout Japan, focusing on investigating the origins of the gromwell’s seeds and educating the public about the need to protect the plant’s homogeneity. Non-profit organizations are collaborating with plant scientists to preserve the traditional silk staining technique associated with gromwell. Additionally, initiatives like the Mitaka Gromwell Restoration Project aim to ensure the survival of the native gromwell species affected by various threats.
How can the research on gromwell contribute to Japanese history and culture?
The research on gromwell helps shed light on its vital role in Japanese history and culture. Understanding the significance of the purple dye derived from gromwell and its association with nobility, Buddhism, and traditional practices deepens our knowledge of Japanese heritage. By raising awareness and taking steps to preserve the gromwell, we can ensure the continuation of cultural traditions, protect medicinal resources, and maintain a connection to the past for future generations.
