NASA’s Atmospheric Waves Experiment Passes Critical Tests for Space Suitability

by Liam O'Connor
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NASA AWE Mesosphere

NASA’s Atmospheric Waves Experiment Passes Critical Tests for Space Suitability

A conceptual rendering illustrates the Atmospheric Waves Experiment (AWE) as it maps out global mesospheric gravity waves. Image courtesy: NASA

NASA’s Atmospheric Waves Experiment (AWE) has achieved a milestone by successfully passing essential tests for space conditions. The experiment is focused on studying atmospheric gravity waves and their effects on satellite-based communication systems. It is scheduled for deployment to the International Space Station (ISS) in November 2023.

The primary aim of the AWE initiative is to investigate the nature of atmospheric gravity waves and their relationship with both Earth’s weather and conditions in outer space.

Burt Lamborn, who is the project manager for AWE at Utah State University’s Space Dynamics Laboratory (SDL), where the instrument is being developed, stated, “AWE is an exceptionally accurate and sensitive scientific apparatus intended to be installed on the International Space Station to function in the challenging conditions of outer space. In preparation for its deployment, SDL rigorously tested the device on Earth to ensure it could withstand the stresses of launch and operate as planned once in space.”

The image dated May 26, 2023, from Utah State University’s Space Dynamics Laboratory showcases the AWE instrument along with its remove-before-flight protective coverings. Photo Credit: SDL/Allison Bills

Key tests conducted on the AWE instrument comprised:

  • Assessments for electromagnetic interference and compatibility (EMI/EMC) to confirm that AWE will not generate or release electromagnetic signals that might compromise other vital ISS equipment.
  • Subjecting AWE to various sources of high-intensity noise to validate that potential interferences emanating from the space station will not undermine AWE’s data collection.
  • Tests to establish the instrument’s durability and dependability, including those for electrostatic discharge and voltage surge resistance.
  • Simulated launch conditions through vibration and strength verification tests using a shaker table.
  • Thermal vacuum assessments to verify the instrument’s performance and functionality in a simulated flight setting.
  • Calibration of the instrument in a vacuum chamber that mimicked the environmental conditions in orbit.

Satellite communication systems that facilitate various applications such as banking, navigation, telecommunication, and entertainment are susceptible to disruptions due to atmospheric gravity waves and adverse space weather conditions. Researchers aim to use insights from AWE to improve forecasts on how these factors could affect communication systems, thereby allowing mission coordinators and satellite operators to develop contingency plans.

About Atmospheric Gravity Waves

Atmospheric gravity waves are essentially oscillations in a fluid medium, like Earth’s atmosphere, caused by the gravitational force seeking to restore balance. These waves can be likened to the concentric ripples created on a water surface when a pebble is tossed into a pond. In the Earth’s atmosphere, these waves are usually triggered by factors such as air flowing over mountain ranges, thermal convection in the lower atmosphere, or shifts in air masses.

The fundamental mechanism behind these waves involves the vertical displacement of air parcels. When such a parcel is moved upward or downward, buoyant forces aim to restore it to its initial position. However, due to the oscillatory nature of the movement, the air parcel tends to overshoot, resulting in a repetitive, wave-like motion.

It is crucial to distinguish between gravity waves and gravitational waves, as the two are different phenomena.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Atmospheric Waves Experiment

What is the NASA’s Atmospheric Waves Experiment (AWE)?

The Atmospheric Waves Experiment is a NASA project designed to study atmospheric gravity waves and their effects on satellite communications. The experiment is scheduled for deployment to the International Space Station (ISS) in November 2023.

What is the primary objective of AWE?

The primary aim of AWE is to investigate atmospheric gravity waves and understand their relationship with Earth’s weather patterns and conditions in outer space.

Who is responsible for the AWE project?

The AWE project is being managed by Burt Lamborn at Utah State University’s Space Dynamics Laboratory (SDL), which is responsible for building the instrument for NASA.

What tests has AWE undergone to ensure its functionality?

AWE has undergone a series of rigorous tests including electromagnetic interference and compatibility assessments, high-intensity noise exposure, durability and reliability tests, thermal vacuum assessments, and instrument calibration in a vacuum chamber.

How could AWE potentially benefit satellite communications?

Satellite communication systems facilitating applications like banking, navigation, and telecommunication are susceptible to disruptions from atmospheric gravity waves and adverse space weather. Data from AWE is expected to improve forecasts and allow for contingency planning by satellite operators.

What are atmospheric gravity waves?

Atmospheric gravity waves are oscillations within a fluid medium like Earth’s atmosphere, resulting from the force of gravity trying to restore equilibrium. They can be generated by factors such as airflow over mountain ranges and thermal convection in the lower atmosphere.

How are atmospheric gravity waves different from gravitational waves?

Atmospheric gravity waves should not be confused with gravitational waves. While the former are oscillations within a fluid medium caused by gravitational forces, the latter are ripples in spacetime caused by massive accelerating objects.

When and where was the AWE instrument showcased?

The AWE instrument was showcased in an image dated May 26, 2023, from Utah State University’s Space Dynamics Laboratory, with its remove-before-flight protective coverings.

What are the key features tested in AWE’s environmental tests?

Key features tested include electromagnetic interference and compatibility, high-level noise source exposure, electrostatic discharge, voltage spikes, vibration and strength validation, and thermal vacuum testing.

More about Atmospheric Waves Experiment

  • NASA’s Official AWE Project Page
  • Utah State University’s Space Dynamics Laboratory
  • Explanation of Atmospheric Gravity Waves
  • International Space Station Research and Technology
  • Satellite Communications and Atmospheric Interference
  • AWE Launch Schedule and Mission Objectives

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