Biological refers to anything pertaining to biology, the science of life. In a broad sense, it can refer to the study of all living things, from microorganisms to plants and animals. It can also be more specific, referring to particular branches of biology such as zoology or botany.
Biology is a hugely diverse and complex field, with many sub-disciplines and branches. The main four divisions of biology are ecology, physiology, anatomy and cell biology. Within these divisions there are countless specialized fields of study. For example, physiology includes sub-disciplines such as endocrinology (the study of hormones) and immunology (the study of the immune system).
Ecology is the branch of biology that deals with the relationships between organisms and their environment. This includes studying how different species interact with each other and their surroundings, how they compete for resources, and how they are affected by changes in their environment. Ecology also encompasses the study of ecosystems – which can be defined as communities of interacting organisms along with their physical environment.
Anatomy is the branch of biology concerned with the structure of living things. This includes both internal structures (such as organs) and external structures (such as hair or claws). Anatomy can be studied at different levels – from macroscopic (visible to the naked eye) features down to microscopic features invisible without a microscope.
Cell Biology is the branch of biology that deals with cells – their structure, function, growth, development and death. Cells are the basic units of life, so understanding them is essential for understanding how living things work. Cell biologists use various techniques to study cells, including microscopy (to observe cells in detail), biochemistry (to analyze chemicals within cells), genetics (to understand how genes control cellular activity) and molecular Biology (to investigate how molecules within cells interact).