Biomaterials are materials that have been engineered to interact with biological systems for a medical purpose – either to replace or support a damaged tissue or organ, or to assist in a therapeutic process. Biomaterials can be made from both natural and synthetic sources, and must possess the necessary biocompatibility properties in order to minimize the risk of adverse reactions when implanted into the body.
There are many different types of biomaterials currently in use, including metals (such as titanium), ceramics (such as hydroxyapatite), polymers (such as polyurethanes and polyethylene), composites ( such as carbon fiber-reinforced plastic) and natural materials (such as bone). The choice of biomaterial for a particular application will depend on a number of factors, including the mechanical strength required, the degradation rate desired, the intended duration of implantation and the compatibility with surrounding tissues.
The field of biomaterials is constantly evolving, as new materials are developed and new applications for existing materials are found. With the aging population worldwide, there is an increasing demand for biomaterials that can be used in implants and other medical devices. This has led to significant advances in both the science and technology of biomaterials in recent years.