Cloud forests are tropical or subtropical areas of high altitude that are characterized by persistent low-level clouds or fog. The term “cloud forest” was first coined in the 1930s by botanist Lawrence Hankinson, who observed these strange and beautiful forests while working in British Honduras (now Belize). Cloud forests typically occur at elevations between 1,000 and 3,500 meters (about 3,280 to 11,480 feet), although some may extend up to the tree line at 4,500 meters (about 14,760 feet).
They are found in regions with consistent trade winds and moist air rising from lower altitudes. This moisture condenses into clouds that blanket the forest canopy for much of the day. The constant presence of water droplets on leaves and branches creates a microclimate that is cooler and more humid than the surrounding air. This environment is ideal for many unique plants and animals that have adapted to live in the cloud forest.
One of the most striking features of cloud forests is their lush vegetation. Trees are covered with epiphytes – mosses, ferns, bromeliads, orchids – which absorb nutrients and water from the misty air. Vines twist around trunks and branches, competing for sunlight. Underneath this dense canopy is a dark world of shadows where little grows except small shrubs and ground covers.
The cool temperatures and high humidity of cloud forests make them ideal habitats for many rare and endangered species such as quetzals, jaguars, tapirs
Cloud forests play an important role in global climate change mitigation by sequestering carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. They are also vital sources of fresh water for local communities as well as providing critical habitat for many endemic species