Construction is the process of creating a structure, typically with the assistance of professionals such as architects and engineers. Construction can be divided into two main categories: heavy/civil construction, which involves infrastructure such as roads, bridges, dams, and power plants; and building construction, which includes commercial buildings, houses, and other structures.
The first step in any construction project is planning. This stage includes activities such as feasibility studies, site selection, environmental impact assessments, and cost analysis. Once a plan is approved by the relevant authorities, construction can begin.
Heavy/civil construction projects are generally more complex than building construction projects due to the size and scope of the work involved. Infrastructure projects can take years to complete and require a large workforce of skilled workers. Building construction projects are typically smaller in scale and can be completed in a shorter time frame.
There are many different trades involved in construction, including carpentry, masonry, plumbing, electricity, HVAC (heating ventilation & air conditioning), roofing ,and finishes (painting & drywall). Each trade has its own set of skills and knowledge that must be learned in order to safely and effectively carry out their work tasks.
Working conditions on construction sites vary depending on the type of project being undertaken. Heavy/civil construction workers often work outdoors in all weather conditions; while building construction workers may spend most of their time working indoors on scaffolding or ladders. Safety is always a paramount concern on any type of construction site. Workers must wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) at all times to minimize the risk of injury or death. Common hazards on construction sites include falls from heights , electrical shocks , being struck by falling objects , exposure to harmful chemicals or fumes ,and slips & trips .
It is important for workers to be aware of these hazards and know how to avoid them; safety training should be provided by employers prior to starting work on a site