Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, the membranes that surround and protect the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis can be caused by a number of different pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Fungal meningitis is a rare but serious form of the disease that is caused by infection with a fungus.
Fungal meningitis is most often seen in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or cancer. It can also occur in people who have had recent surgery or who have been taking certain medications (such as steroids) that suppress the immune system. The most common type of fungus that causes meningitis is Cryptococcus neoformans, which is found in soil and bird droppings. Other types of fungi that can cause meningitis include Candida species and Aspergillus species.
Symptoms of fungal meningitis include headache, fever, stiff neck, nausea, and vomiting. If left untreated, fungal meningitis can lead to coma and death. Treatment for fungal meningitis typically involves administration of antifungal medications through a vein (intravenously). In some cases, surgery may also be necessary to remove infected tissue from the brain or spine. With prompt and aggressive treatment, most people with fungal meningitis recover fully.