Geo (geography, geology, and other sciences) is the study of the Earth and its physical features. It encompasses the study of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. Geo also includes the study of human activity and its impact on the environment.
The term geo comes from the Greek word γη (gē), meaning earth. Geo is an interdisciplinary field that draws on knowledge from a variety of disciplines, including physics, chemistry, biology, ecology, climatology, oceanography, cartography, anthropology, sociology, economics, history, and political science.
The scientific discipline of geography is divided into two main branches: physical geography and human geography. Physical geography focuses on the study of Earth’s physical features and processes. It covers topics such as climate change, plate tectonics, glaciation, hydrology (the water cycle), oceans and coasts , soils , landforms , and ecosystems . Human geography focuses on the study of how humans have interacted with their environment over time. It covers topics such as economic development , migration , settlement patterns , urbanization , cultural diffusion , and globalization .
Geo-scientists use a variety of techniques to studying our planet. These include fieldwork (collecting data in natural settings), laboratory experiments , satellite imaging , computer modeling , and observations from space missions . Geo-scientists also use mathematical methods to analyze data and make predictions about future events.