Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve and can lead to vision loss and blindness. Glaucoma is often, but not always, associated with increased pressure in the eye.
There are several types of glaucoma, all of which share the common feature of damage to the optic nerve. The most common type is primary open-angle glaucoma, which affects millions of people worldwide. Other types include normal-tension glaucoma, angle-closure glaucoma, pediatric glaucoma, and secondary glaucoma.
Most forms of glaucoma progress slowly and painlessly over many years; many people with the disease do not even know they have it until they experience significant vision loss or other symptoms. This makes early detection and treatment critical to preserving vision. There is no cure for glaucoma, but treatments can slow or stop its progression.
The best way to detect glaucoma early is through comprehensive eye examinations that include visual acuity testing, intraocular pressure measurement, examination of the optic nerve head for signs of damage, and assessment of peripheral vision. A family history of glaucoma increases the risk for developing the disease, so regular examinations are especially important for people with a family history of the condition.