Humans (Homo sapiens) are the only extant members of the subtribe Hominina. The tribe Hominini includes all species of great apes that arose from a common ancestor with humans, including gorillas, chimpanzees, and orangutans. Humans are terrestrial animals, characterized by bipedal locomotion; high manual dexterity and heavy tool use compared to other animals; open-ended and complex language use compared to other animal communications; greater brain size than other primates; and highly developed visual acuity.
The human lineage diverged from the last common ancestor of the Hominini tribe split about 7 million years ago during the Late Miocene epoch when pre-human ancestors left Africa, eventually spreading throughout Eurasia and Oceania by around 1 million years ago. Humans began to exhibit evidence of behavioral modernity around 50,000 years ago. Behavioral modernity represents a suite of behaviors that include abstract thinking, planning depth, symbolic communication, music and dance, tool making and technology use, trade networks, food preparation, control over fire, clothing,[19