Idiopathic Dcm

Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a primary myocardial disorder of unknown etiology characterized by progressive ventricular dilation and systolic dysfunction. It is a major cause of congestive heart failure and sudden cardiac death in adults, accounting for approximately one-third of all cases. The prevalence of DCM is estimated to be 1-2 per 10,000 individuals, with a male to female ratio of 2:1. There are no specific symptoms associated with idiopathic DCM, and the disease may remain asymptomatic until the onset of severe heart failure. The typical clinical presentation includes dyspnea on exertion, fatigue, and peripheral edema. In some cases, arrhythmias or conduction abnormalities may also be present. Echocardiography is the primary diagnostic modality used to assess ventricular size, function, and valvular status. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can also be used to assess myocardial tissue characterization and contractility. Treatment for idiopathic DCM typically involves lifestyle modification (e.g., smoking cessation), ACE inhibitors or ARBs, beta-blockers, diuretics, and anticoagulation therapy. In patients with refractory symptoms or those who are ineligible for transplantation, mechanical circulatory support or implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) may be considered as destination therapy options.