A layered structure is a stack of layers, one on top of the other. The word “layer” comes from the Latin word for “leaf”, which is layer. A typical example of a layered structure is a cake, with its different layers of icing, sponge and fruit. Layered structures are also found in many natural systems, such as in rocks and trees.
The concept of a layered structure is also important in engineering and architecture. In engineering, a layered structure is often used to build up complexity in a system while still allowing each layer to be understood separately. For example, the Internet consists of many different protocols that are organized into layers. The lowest layer contains the physical infrastructure, such as the cables and routers. On top of this are various protocols for routing data packets around the network. Finally, at the highest level are applications such as web browsers and email clients.
In architecture, layered structures are often used to create hierarchy and order within a building. For example, public spaces such as lobbies and corridors are typically located at ground level, while private spaces such as offices and bedrooms are located above them on upper floors. This hierarchical layout makes it easy for people to find their way around a building and understand its different functions.