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A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes directly behind the Earth into its umbra (shadow). This can occur only when the Sun, Earth, and Moon are exactly or very closely aligned, with Earth between the other two. A lunar eclipse can occur only on the night of a full moon. The type and length of an eclipse depend upon the Moon’s location relative to its orbital nodes.
During a total eclipse, the disk of the Moon appears to turn a deep red as sunlight is scattered by Earth’s atmosphere. The following simulation shows what one would see during a typical total lunar eclipse from any given location on Earth: