Old age refers to the period of life after the onset of adulthood. In developed countries, old age is typically associated with an increased risk of chronic disease, disability, and frailty. The World Health Organization defines old age as “the later stages of life from 60 years onwards”.
The prevalence of chronic disease and disability increases with age. Older adults are more likely to have multiple chronic conditions, such as arthritis, hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, stroke, and cancer. These conditions can lead to functional decline and frailty.
Frailty is a condition characterized by muscle weakness, fatigue, and decreased physical activity levels. Frailty can make it difficult for older adults to perform activities of daily living such as bathing, dressing, and grooming. Additionally, frailty can increase the risk of falls and fractures.
There are many factors that contribute to the onset of frailty in older adults. These include biological factors (e.g., changes in hormones or organ function), lifestyle factors (e.g., sedentary behavior), and social factors (e.g., isolation). Additionally, some medications (e.g., glucocorticoids) can increase the risk of frailty.
There are several interventions that can reduce the risks associated with frailty in older adults. These include exercise programs designed to improve muscle strength and balance; nutritional support; social engagement initiatives; and fall-prevention strategies