Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. It is also one of the most preventable and curable cancers if it is detected early. Skin cancer occurs when skin cells are damaged, usually by ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds/lamps. The damage to DNA can cause skin cells to grow out of control and form a tumor.
There are three main types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of all skin cancer cases. It typically appears as a small, dome-shaped bump that is pearly white, pink, or red in color. Basal cell tumors can occur anywhere on the body but are most commonly found on sun-exposed areas such as the face, neck, chest, shoulders, and back. Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for about 20% of all skin cancers and usually appears as a firm red bump or scaly patch that may bleed easily if irritated. Melanoma is the least common but most serious type of skin cancer; it accounts for less than 5% of all cases but causes more than 70% of all deaths from skin cancer . Melanomas typically appear as asymmetrical moles with irregular borders that are black, brown, or multicolored; however , they can also occur in normal-appearing tissue .
The best way to prevent skin cancer is to avoid UV radiation exposure by staying out of the sun during peak hours (10am-4pm), wearing protective clothing (long sleeves , pants , hats ), and using sunscreen with an SPF 30 or higher . If you notice any changes in your skin , such as new growths , changes in existing moles , or persistent sores , be sure to see a dermatologist right away .