An X-ray machine is a device that uses high-energy photons to penetrate materials and create an image of the internal structure of the material on film or a digital detector. X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation, like visible light, microwaves, and gamma rays. They are produced when high-energy electrons strike a metal target inside the x-ray tube. The electrons knock other electrons out of the atoms in the metal target, producing X-rays.
X-rays were first discovered in 1895 by German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen while he was experimenting with cathode ray tubes. He found that when he turned on an electric current in his tube, it produced invisible rays that could pass through wood, paper, and even human flesh but not metal or bone. When he placed his hand between the tube and a photographic plate, he saw the silhouette of his bones on the developed film. Roentgen called these rays “X”, for unknown, since he had no idea what they were at the time.
Today we know that X-rays are forms of electromagnetic radiation with shorter wavelengths than visible light waves. They have more energy than visible light but less energy than gamma rays. This makes them useful for penetrating solid objects such as our bodies to create images of things inside us that cannot be seen from outside (like broken bones). It also makes them dangerous if we are exposed to too much because they can damage living tissue including DNA which can lead to cancerous mutations. That is why medical personnel who work with x-rays must take precautions to minimize their own exposure as well as their patients’ exposure.
There are two main types of x-ray machines: those used for medical purposes and those used for security screening (at airports, for example). Medical x-ray machines produce images of structures inside the body such as bones or organs using low doses of radiation; security screening machines use higher doses of radiation to produce images of objects concealed under clothing (such as weapons or drugs).
How do X-ray machines work?
X ray machine works on principle Of electromagnetic induction .It basically consists Of an evacuated glass envelope within which two electrodes are placed one Is called filament And second is Anode .When current Is passed through filament It emits electrons these emitted electrons Are accelerated towards anode by high potential difference between them ,when these fast moving electrons collide with molecules Of anode material They knock out One Or more orbital electrons From their orbit thus ionizing Them . These ejected orbital electrons While colliding With Other atoms may again Knocks Out some more orbital Electrons from their orbit Causing further ionization this process continues until all kinetic Energy Of incident electron get Converted into heat energy Which gets dissipated In whole system ,as result We observed emission Of x ray photons From system