Cysticercosis is a parasitic infection caused by the larval form of the pork tapeworm. It is considered a zoonotic disease, which means it can be transmitted from animals to humans. The larvae enter the human body through contaminated food or water and migrate to various tissues, where they develop into cysts. In severe cases, the cysts can cause seizures, blindness, and even death. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to preventing serious complications.
Cysticercosis is most commonly found in developing countries where sanitation conditions are poor and hygiene practices are inadequate. The disease is particularly prevalent in regions where pigs are commonly raised and consumed as part of the diet. People who eat undercooked pork or drink contaminated water can inadvertently ingest tapeworm eggs or larvae, which leads to infection. Cysticercosis can also be acquired through contact with infected animals, such as during slaughtering or butchering procedures.
The vast majority of people with cysticercosis do not experience any symptoms. However, some may develop mild gastrointestinal distress, such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and nausea. In more severe cases, cysts can form in muscle tissue causing myalgia (muscle pain) or in brain tissue leading to neurological problems such as seizures or hydrocephalus (fluid accumulation in the brain). If left untreated, cysticercosis can be fatal.
Early diagnosis of cysticercosis is often difficult because symptoms may not appear for months or even years after infection occurs. A blood test looking for antibodies against the pork tapeworm is currently the best way to diagnose the disease. However, this test is not always accurate and other confirmatory tests may be necessary such as computed tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Treatment typically involves a course of antiparasitic drugs followed by close monitoring by a healthcare provider. Surgery may also be required to remove large cysts that are causing problems..