Alarming Rise in Emissions of Banned Ozone-Destroying Chemicals – What Does it Mean?

by Liam O'Connor
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A recent study showed that the amount of five certain chemicals being released into the air, has been increasing from 2010 to 2020. These chemicals are called chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which were banned many years ago under an international agreement called the Montreal Protocol. Even though these accidental emissions of CFCs is allowed under this agreement, it is still a cause for concern as their release continues to go up.

Luke Western from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Global Monitoring Lab and the University of Bristol is saying that since we’ve done such a good job in reducing CFC emissions, even the minor sources are noticed now.

Scientists from many places around the world like NOAA, University of Bristol, Empa, CSIRO, University of East Anglia, University of California San Diego, University of Colorado Boulder and Forschungszentrum Jülich worked together on a study. They shared their findings in a journal called Nature Geoscience.

Stopping CFC’s

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Scientists have said that CFCs (chemical compounds) aren’t harming the Earth’s ozone layer yet. But if they keep going up, they could make a big difference in damaging the ozone layer. Also, these CFCs are really bad for the climate because their emissions are equal to Switzerland’s total CO2 released in 2020 which is similar to 1% of all US greenhouse gas emissions or only 1/1’000 of all global greenhouse gas emissions.

CFCs are nasty chemicals that can cause a lot of harm to our planet’s atmosphere. In the past, CFCs were used for making things like spray cans and packing materials, solvents and refrigerants but in the year 2010 these uses were completely prohibited by an agreement known as the Montreal Protocol.

A treaty was made between countries to stop the use of CFCs (chemical substances). However, it didn’t fully ban CFCs as they can still be used while creating other kinds of chemicals including HFCs and HFOs. These two were made so that people would have alternatives to using CFCs.

We studied five chemical gases — CFC-13, CFC-112a, CFC-113a, CFC-114a and CFC-115 — that don’t have many uses (or any) right now and take between 52 to 640 years to disappear from the atmosphere. Emissions of these gases is about one-tenth as bad on ozone as emissions of another very common but controlled gas, called CFC-11.

Banning CFCs Fails to Halt Rising Emissions from Dangerous Gases

Scientists recently studied the amount of gases created from using CFCs, which are found all over the world and were banned in 2010. Using measurements taken from 14 different sites, they discovered that, even though their use was prohibited, the levels of these gases were higher than ever before in 2020.

Researchers discovered that three chemical compounds, known as CFC-113a, CFC-114a and CFC-115 might have increased emissions because they are used in making two types of gases for refrigerators and air conditioners. Martin Vollmer from Empa said that there are worries about the amount of these gases produced due to the high demand for new kinds of fluorocarbon products.

We don’t know why emissions of two other CFCs (CFC-13 and CFC-112a) are increasing. According to Vollmer, these substances aren’t connected to any chemical production process.

Protect Our Ozone Layer

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Scientists were not able to figure out where these dangerous chemical emissions are coming from. They’ve noticed that it’s being produced on a global scale, but couldn’t pick out where exactly it is coming from. Stefan Reimann, who was also involved in the study said that one of the reasons for this is because there are too many areas with weak monitoring systems, even if all research networks and groups had joined forces. He also pointed out that some especially huge producers of harmful chemicals aren’t monitored as closely as they should be.

Researchers have found that if we don’t stop putting the five CFCs into the atmosphere, it will undress all the work done under the Montreal Protocol and contribute a lot to global warming. To prevent this from happening, we need to reduce leaks related to HFC production and properly destroy any co-produced CFCs. A researcher also suggests that instead of just focusing on ozone safety when making replacement chemicals, more attention needs to be paid in creating them so as not to worsen global warming.

Recently, a study was published that found that from 2010 to 2020, the amount of harmful ozone-harming chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) increased in the atmosphere. CFCs are gases created by humans and it affects the ozone layer, which protects us from too much harmful radiation. Scientists all over the world studied this issue and shared their results in a journal named Nature Geoscience.

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