Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar. It is produced by the pancreas and released into the bloodstream when blood sugar levels rise. Insulin lowers blood sugar by stimulating the body to store glucose in liver and muscle cells, and by promoting the uptake of glucose into these cells.
In people with diabetes, either the pancreas does not produce enough insulin (type 1 diabetes) or the body’s cells are resistant to insulin (type 2 diabetes). As a result, blood sugar levels remain high, which can lead to serious health complications such as heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, and blindness.
There are two types of insulin available: rapid-acting and long-acting. Rapid-acting insulin begins working within 15 minutes after injection and its effects last for about 5 hours. Long-acting insulin takes longer to begin working but its effects last for up to 24 hours. Insulin must be injected because it cannot be taken orally.
The amount of insulin you need depends on many factors including your blood sugar level, diet, exercise routine, and other medications you take. Your doctor will work with you to determine the best dose for you.