Physics

by Liam O'Connor
Physics

Physics is the natural science that studies matter, its motion, and behavior through space and time, and that studies the related entities of energy and force. Physics is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines, and its main goal is to understand how the universe behaves.

In physics, matter is any substance that has mass and occupies space. The basic objects of study in physics are particles such as electrons and atoms. In addition to these building blocks of matter, physics also studies the interactions between particles—the forces that hold them together or cause them to move apart. These include both familiar forces like gravity and electricity, as well as more exotic ones like quantum entanglement. The study of matter at small scales is quantum mechanics, while the study of large-scale phenomena is classical mechanics.

Energy is a property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms but cannot be created or destroyed. The SI unit for energy is the joule (J), which is also the unit of work. Energy exists in several forms including thermal (heat), electrical, chemical, nuclear, and kinetic (motion). It can be transformed from one form to another; for example heat can be converted into mechanical energy by doing work on a system such as a piston in an engine.

Force is any interaction that causes an object to undergo a change in velocity—that is, to speed up or slow down. Forces can cause changes in an object’s speed (acceleration) or direction (rotation). The SI unit for force is the newton (N). Some examples of forces are gravity, electromagnetism, frictional forces between surfaces in contact with each other

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