The human visual system is the part of the brain responsible for processing visual information. It enables us to see and interpret our surroundings. The visual system consists of several different parts, including the eyes, optic nerves, brains, and various other muscles and tissues. Each of these parts has a specific role to play in vision.
The eyes are the organs of sight. They capture light from our surroundings and convert it into electrical signals that are sent to the brain. The optic nerves carry these signals from the eyes to the brain, where they are processed into images.
The brains of mammals are highly specialized for vision. In humans, the primary visual cortex is located in the back of the brain (occipital lobe). This area of the brain processes information about color, contrast, shape, and movement. Other areas of the brain contribute to vision as well, such as those responsible for attention, memory, and emotion.
There are many different types of eye diseases and disorders that can affect vision. Some common problems include nearsightedness (myopia), farsightedness (hyperopia), astigmatism, presbyopia, glaucoma, cataracts, macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. Many of these conditions can be corrected with glasses or contact lenses. Others may require surgery or other medical treatment.